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View all skin-related reviews on the Cochrane Library (select 'Skin')
Many of our reviews are summarised in Cochrane Clinical Answers: Skin disorders
Cochrane Skin titles categorised by the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) diagnostic index
Status | Stage |
---|---|
- Anti-TNF agents for paediatric psoriasis
- Antistreptococcal interventions for guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis
- Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles
- Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema
- Complementary therapies for acne vulgaris
- Computer-assisted diagnosis techniques (dermoscopy and spectroscopy-based) for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Dermoscopy, with and without visual inspection, for diagnosing melanoma in adults
- Dietary exclusions for established atopic eczema
- Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema
- Disposable nappies for preventing napkin dermatitis in infants
- Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus
- Educational and psychological interventions for managing atopic dermatitis (eczema)
- Emollients and moisturisers for eczema
- Exfoliative cytology for diagnosing basal cell carcinoma and other skin cancers in adults
- Genetic testing for prevention of severe drug-induced skin rash
- H1-antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria
- High-frequency ultrasound for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Histamine H2-receptor antagonists for urticaria
- House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema
- Hygiene and emollient interventions for maintaining skin integrity in older people in hospital and residential care settings
- Indoor salt water baths followed by artificial ultraviolet B light for chronic plaque psoriasis
- Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma
- Interventions for acne scars
- Interventions for actinic keratoses
- Interventions for alopecia areata
- Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
- Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles)
- Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin
- Interventions for bullous pemphigoid
- Interventions for cellulitis and erysipelas
- Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis
- Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis
- Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin
- Interventions for cutaneous Bowen's disease
- Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum
- Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites
- Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum
- Interventions for female pattern hair loss
- Interventions for hand eczema
- Interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa
- Interventions for hirsutism (excluding laser and photoepilation therapy alone)
- Interventions for hyperhidrosis
- Interventions for impetigo
- Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin
- Interventions for infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (including cradle cap)
- Interventions for ingrowing toenails
- Interventions for inherited forms of epidermolysis bullosa
- Interventions for melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna
- Interventions for melasma
- Interventions for morphea
- Interventions for mucous membrane pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
- Interventions for mycosis fungoides
- Interventions for nail psoriasis
- Interventions for necrotizing soft tissue infections in adults
- Interventions for non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
- Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Interventions for pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus
- Interventions for pityriasis rosea
- Interventions for preventing non-melanoma skin cancers in high-risk groups
- Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis
- Interventions for prevention of herpes simplex labialis (cold sores on the lips)
- Interventions for rosacea
- Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis
- Interventions for toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Interventions for treatment of herpes labialis (cold sores on the lips)
- Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy
- Interventions for vitiligo
- Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema
- Laser and photoepilation for unwanted hair growth
- Lasers or light sources for treating port-wine stains
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists for eczema
- Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis
- Light therapies for acne
- Minocycline for acne vulgaris: efficacy and safety
- Narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy versus broad-band ultraviolet B or psoralen-ultraviolet A photochemotherapy for psoriasis
- Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma
- Non-antistreptococcal interventions for acute guttate psoriasis or an acute guttate flare of chronic psoriasis
- Optical coherence tomography for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis
- Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema
- Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis
- Oral H1 antihistamines as monotherapy for eczema
- Oral H1 antihistamines as ‘add-on’ therapy to topical treatment for eczema
- Oral isotretinoin for acne
- Oral potassium iodide for the treatment of sporotrichosis
- Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot
- Phototherapy for atopic eczema
- Probiotics for treating eczema
- Psychological and educational interventions for atopic eczema in children
- Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma in adults
- Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing keratinocyte skin cancers in adults
- Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy
- Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by lymph node dissection for localised primary cutaneous melanoma
- Serious adverse events associated with systemic treatments for psoriasis: a network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials
- Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy
- Smartphone applications for triaging adults with skin lesions that are suspicious for melanoma
- Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic eczema
- Statins and fibrates for preventing melanoma
- Strategies for using topical corticosteroids in children and adults with eczema
- Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers
- Surgical excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma
- Surgical excision methods for skin cancer involving the nail unit
- Systemic antifungal therapy for tinea capitis in children
- Systemic interventions for treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome
- Systemic pharmacological treatments for acne: an overview of systematic reviews
- Systemic pharmacological treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis: a network meta-analysis
- Systemic treatments for eczema: a network meta-analysis
- Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma
- Teledermatology for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Tests to assist in the staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a generic protocol
- Topical and device-based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails
- Topical anti-inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp
- Topical anti-inflammatory treatments for eczema: network meta-analysis
- Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis
- Topical antifungals for seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha-hydroxy acid) for acne
- Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne
- Topical interventions for genital lichen sclerosus
- Topical pimecrolimus for eczema
- Topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis
- Topical treatments and photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis of the face and scalp
- Topical treatments and skin-resurfacing techniques for skin ageing
- Topical treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis
- Topical treatments for cutaneous warts
- Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot.
- Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis
- Topical Vitamin A, or its derivatives, for treating and preventing napkin dermatitis in infants
- Topical, light-based, and complementary interventions for acne: an overview of systematic reviews
- Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta-analysis
- Ultrasound, CT, MRI, or PET-CT for staging and re-staging of adults with cutaneous melanoma
- Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings
- Visual inspection and dermoscopy, alone or in combination, for diagnosing keratinocyte skin cancers in adults
- Visual inspection for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma in adults
- A. INFECTIOUS DISEASES AFFECTING THE SKIN (54)
- A0 Skin diseases caused by viruses: e.g.viral warts, herpes simplex (cold sores), herpes zoster (shingles), molluscum contagiosum; and diseases of suspected viral origin eg piytriasis rosea (26)
- 1. Preventive measures (1)
- - reduction of transmission (1)
- 2. Medical treatments (19)
- topical treatments (10)
- - sunscreen (1)
- - topical antivirals (1)
- - topical irritants (1)
- - topical keratolytic agents (e.g. wart paints) (2)
- - retinoids (0)
- - intralesional bleomycin (1)
- - antihistamines (1)
- - corticosteroids (1)
- - emollients (1)
- - antiseptics (1)
- systemic treatments (7)
- - immunotherapy (1)
- - high dose cimetidine (1)
- - retinoids (0)
- - antiviral drugs (e.g. acyclovir) (2)
- - corticosteroids (1)
- - tricyclic antidepressants (0)
- -antihistamines (1)
- -antibacterials (1)
- phototherapies (2)
- topical treatments (10)
- 3. Surgical procedures (5)
- - cryotherapy (freezing) (2)
- - cautery (1)
- - surgical excision (1)
- - laser therapy (1)
- - phenol (0)
- 4. Alternative/complementary treatments eg hypnosis for warts (1)
- - Homeopathic (1)
- 1. Preventive measures (1)
- A20 Skin diseases caused by bacteria: e.g. impetigo, boils, folliculitis, cellulitis (Liaison with Cochrane Wounds Group for bacterial wound infections) (14)
- 1. Preventive (2)
- - vaccination (0)
- - reduction of transmission (0)
- anti-inflammatory prophylaxis (1)
- antibiotic prophylaxis (1)
- 2. Medical treatments (10)
- - topical antiseptics (2)
- - topical antibiotics (2)
- - systemic antibiotics (4)
- - alternative/complementary treatments (1)
- -adjuvant therapies (e.g. iv immunoglobulin) (1)
- 3. Surgical procedures (2)
- - incision and drainage (1)
- -debridement (1)
- 1. Preventive (2)
- A30-31 Leprosy and its complications (2)
- A32-35 Tuberculosis and related infections of the skin: e.g.lupus vulgaris, atypical mycobacterial infection (fish tank granuloma etc) (0)
- 1. Preventive (0)
- - reduction of transmission (0)
- 2. Medical treatments (0)
- - antibiotic therapy (0)
- 3. Surgical (0)
- - Excision (0)
- 1. Preventive (0)
- A5 Skin diseases caused by fungi, e.g. candidosis (thrush), dermatophytosis (ringworm) (9)
- 1. Preventive (0)
- - reduction of transmission : e.g. for tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) (0)
- 2. Medical treatments (8)
- - topical antifungal agents (3)
- - topical corticosteroid/antifungal preparations (1)
- - oral antifungal agents (4)
- - alternative/complementary treatments (0)
- 3. Surgical treatments (0)
- 3. Surgical treatments (0)
- 4. Device-based treatments (1)
- 1. Preventive (0)
- A6 Skin diseases caused by parasites e.g. scabies, head lice, onchocerciasis (2)
- A7 Dermatoses due to Hymenoptera (1)
- Prevention (1)
- A70 Dermatoses due to Insecta (0)
- A7000 Mosquito bites (0)
- protective measures (0)
- A7000 Mosquito bites (0)
- A0 Skin diseases caused by viruses: e.g.viral warts, herpes simplex (cold sores), herpes zoster (shingles), molluscum contagiosum; and diseases of suspected viral origin eg piytriasis rosea (26)
- B. SKIN CONDITIONS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL OR PHYSICAL INJURY (9)
- B1 Pressure sores (0)
- Please refer to Cochrane Wounds Group (0)
- B2 Tattoos (0)
- 1. Preventive measures (0)
- 2. Removal (0)
- - surgical (0)
- - laser (0)
- B5 Skin conditions caused or provoked by sunlight and ultraviolet radiation e.g. actinic (solar) keratoses, polymorphic light eruption, sun-induced skin ageing, photosensitivity dermatitis. Skin cancer is considered separately in sections X1 to X4. (8)
- 1. Preventive measures (0)
- - public education campaigns (0)
- sunscreens (0)
- 2. Medical treatments (8)
- - Resurfacing techniques (2)
- - topical and oral corticosteroids (0)
- - betacarotene for porphyrias (0)
- - 5-fluoruracil (2)
- - topical and systemic retinoids (1)
- - phototherapy, photochemotherapy (PUVA) (0)
- - immunosuppressants (0)
- - immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory agents (0)
- - azathioprine or cyclosporin for photosensitivity dermatitis (0)
- - antioxidants (0)
- - hydroxy acids (1)
- - combinations of the above (0)
- - natural polysaccharides (0)
- - Imiquimod (2)
- 3. Surgical procedures (0)
- 1. Preventive measures (0)
- Cosmetic problems (1)
- B1 Pressure sores (0)
- C. DERMATITIS AND ECZEMA (53)
- C1 Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema, childhood eczema) (32)
- 1. Preventive measures (6)
- - dietary (liaison with Cochrane Airways Group) (1)
- - reduction in airborne allergen exposure e.g. house dust mite (liaison with Cochrane Airways Group and Pregnancy and Childbirth Group) (0)
- - use of emollients (moisturisers) (2)
- - prevention of subsequent asthma in children with atopic dermatitis cetirizine (liaison with Cochrane Airways Group) (2)
- - probiotics (1)
- 2. Medical Treatments (26)
- Topical treatments (creams/ointments applied directly to the skin) (4)
- - emollients (0)
- - topical corticosteroids (1)
- - tar preparations (0)
- - impregnated bandages (tar, ichthammol etc) and "wet wraps" (0)
- - corticosteroid/antibiotic combinations (0)
- - calcineurin inhibitors (2)
- -traditional chinese herbs (1)
- Systemic treatments (12)
- - leukotriene receptor antagonists (2)
- - phototherapy, photochemotherapy (2)
- - azathioprine (1)
- - cyclosporin (1)
- - antihistamines (2)
- - evening primrose oil and borage oil (1)
- - traditional chinese herbs (1)
- -immunomodulatory agents (1)
- -oral corticosteroids (1)
- Other approaches (10)
- - reduction in environmental allergens (1)
- - topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy (0)
- - dietary approaches (2)
- - psychological and educational approaches (e.g. habit reversal, hypnosis) (3)
- - desensitisation (1)
- - reduction of S aureus (1)
- - combinations of the above (2)
- complementary & alternative medicines (0)
- Topical treatments (creams/ointments applied directly to the skin) (4)
- 1. Preventive measures (6)
- C2-C5 "Constitutional" Dermatitis e.g. seborrhoeic dermatitis (including dandruff, otitis externa), discoid eczema, pompholyx (14)
- 1. Prevention (0)
- - use of soap substitutes (0)
- 2. Medical treatments (14)
- - topical corticosteroids and combinations with other agents (3)
- - potassium permanganate and other astringents (0)
- - antifungal agents (2)
- - topical lithium (1)
- - keratolytic shampoos (1)
- - antibiotic therapy (0)
- - superficial radiotherapy (0)
- - phototherapy and photochemotherapy (1)
- - combinations of the above (2)
- -calcineurin inhibitors (4)
- - topical tacrolimus (2)
- -topical pimecrolimus (2)
- 1. Prevention (0)
- C6-C8 Contact Dermatitis (allergic or irritant) e.g. nickel dermatitis, occupational hand dermatitis, "nappy rash" or "diaper rash". (6)
- 1. Preventive measures (4)
- - modification of work practices (1)
- - removal of allergens/irritants from home or work environment or from diet (nickel) (0)
- - disposable nappies (1)
- - protective clothing (e.g. gloves) (1)
- - barrier creams (1)
- - occupational health screening for individuals at high risk of dermatitis (0)
- - soap substitutes (0)
- 2. Medical treatments (2)
- Topical treatments (1)
- - emollients (0)
- - topical corticosteroids (0)
- - corticosteroid/antibiotic combinations (0)
- - superficial radiotherapy (0)
- - topical vitamin A or derivatives (1)
- Systemic treatments (0)
- - systemic corticosteroids (0)
- - azathioprine (0)
- - cyclosporin (0)
- - phototherapy, photochemotherapy (0)
- - traditional chinese herbs (0)
- - combinations of the above (1)
- Topical treatments (1)
- 1. Preventive measures (4)
- C9-CE Other eczematous reactions e.g. venous eczema (liaison with Cochrane Wounds Group), asteatotic dermatitis (1)
- 1. Prevention (1)
- 2. Medical treatment (0)
- - emollients (including bath additives) (0)
- - impregnated bandages (0)
- - topical corticosteroids (0)
- C1 Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema, childhood eczema) (32)
- D. PSORIASIS AND OTHER KERATINISING DISORDERS (53)
- D1 Psoriasis (53)
- 1. Preventive measures (1)
- - reduction or cessation of tobacco smoking and/or alcohol consumption (liaison with Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group) (0)
- - stress reduction programmes (0)
- - antistreptococcal interventions (tonsillectomy, antibiotics) (1)
- 2. Medical treatments (47)
- Topical treatments (30)
- - emollients (1)
- - occlusion (0)
- - salicylic acid (2)
- - tar preparations (2)
- - anthralin (dithranol) (3)
- - topical corticosteroids (6)
- Topical treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis
- Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis
- Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis
- Non-antistreptococcal interventions for acute guttate psoriasis or an acute guttate flare of chronic psoriasis
- Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis
- Interventions for nail psoriasis
- - vitamin D analogues (3)
- - tacrolimus (2)
- - topical retinoids (4)
- - combinations of the above (3)
- Balneophototherapy (1)
- photochemotherapy (3)
- Systemic treatments (17)
- - biologics (2)
- - phototherapy (3)
- - photochemotherapy (1)
- - methotrexate (1)
- - cyclosporin (2)
- - hydroxyurea (0)
- - systemic retinoids (3)
- - oral Vitamin D analogues (0)
- - fumarates (1)
- - combinations of the above (2)
- - antibiotics (1)
- Serious adverse events (1)
- Alternative/complementary treatments (0)
- - psychological approaches (0)
- - dietary fish supplements (0)
- - Chinese herbs (0)
- - balneotherapy including spa waters and Dead Sea therapy (0)
- - laser therapy (0)
- - combinations of the above (0)
- Topical treatments (30)
- Lifestyle Changes (5)
- Alcohol abstinence (1)
- Dietary modification (1)
- Exercise (1)
- Smoking cessation (1)
- Weight reduction (1)
- 1. Preventive measures (1)
- D1 Psoriasis (53)
- E. PAPULOSQUAMOUS DISORDERS INCLUDING LICHEN PLANUS; (4)
- E0 Lichen planus (4)
- - topical corticosteroids (1)
- - systemic corticosteroids (1)
- - cyclosporin (1)
- - photochemotherapy (1)
- E6 Granuloma annulare (0)
- - intralesional corticosteroids (0)
- - cutaneous injury including cryotherapy (0)
- - nicotinamide (0)
- E8 Cutaneous sarcoidosis (0)
- - topical and intralesional corticosteroids (0)
- - antimalarial therapy (0)
- - methotrexate (liaison with Cochrane Airways Group) (0)
- E0 Lichen planus (4)
- G. DISORDERS OF SKIN COLOUR (14)
- G1 Increased skin pigmentation e.g. melasma (chloasma, mask of pregnancy) (4)
- - topical sunscreens (liaison with Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group for preventing melasma in pregnancy) (1)
- - azelaic acid (1)
- - topical hydroquinone (1)
- - topical retinoids (1)
- G6 Decreased skin pigmentation e.g. vitiligo (leucoderma (9)
- 1. Medical treatments (8)
- - phototherapy (psoralen + sunlight, photochemotherapy) (1)
- - topical treatments (6)
- - topical steroids (1)
- - intralesional steroids (1)
- - topical calcipotriol (1)
- - tacrolimus (1)
- - khellin (1)
- - pseudocatalase (1)
- - systemic treatments (1)
- 2. Surgical treatments (1)
- - skin transplants (1)
- 1. Medical treatments (8)
- 3. Complementary therapies (1)
- G1 Increased skin pigmentation e.g. melasma (chloasma, mask of pregnancy) (4)
- F. URTICARIA AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISORDERS (6)
- F1-F9 Urticaria (hives) and angio-oedema (2)
- - dietary measures (0)
- - oral H1 antihistamines (1)
- - oral H2 antihistamines (1)
- - systemic corticosteroids (0)
- - cyclosporin (0)
- - anabolic steroids (for hereditary angio-oedema) (0)
- FA2-3 Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (4)
- - systemic corticosteroids (2)
- - prophylactic antiviral therapy (herpes simplex-induced erythema multiforme) (0)
- - intensive care (toxic epidermal necrolysis) (2)
- F1-F9 Urticaria (hives) and angio-oedema (2)
- H. DISORDERS OF SKIN APPENDAGES (HAIR, NAILS, SWEAT GLANDS) (46)
- H0 Nail disorders (1)
- - medical treatments such as intralesional corticosteroids (1)
- - surgical repair (1)
- - medical treatments such as intralesional corticosteroids (1)
- H10 Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) (4)
- 1. Non-medical treatments (3)
- - electrolysis (1)
- - bleaching (1)
- - laser hair removal (1)
- 2. Medical treatments (1)
- - hormonal therapy ie anti-androgens such as spironolactone, cyproterone acetate (liaison with Cochrane Menstrual Disorders Group) (1)
- 1. Non-medical treatments (3)
- H12 Hair loss e.g. alopecia areata ("alopecia"), androgenic alopecia (male-pattern balding) (8)
- 1. Medical treatments (8)
- - systemic corticosteroids (2)
- - topical immunotherapy (e.g. diphencyprone) (2)
- - hormonal therapy (anti-androgens) (1)
- - minoxidil (3)
- 2. Surgical treatments (0)
- - hair transplant (0)
- - scalp reduction (0)
- 1. Medical treatments (8)
- H3 Acne (25)
- Topical treatments (13)
- - benzoyl peroxide (2)
- - topical retinoids (1)
- - topical antibiotics (1)
- - azelaic acid (2)
- - adapalene (1)
- - combinations of the above (0)
- -nicotinamide (2)
- -salicylic acid (2)
- -sulphur (2)
- Oral treatments (5)
- - oral antibiotics (2)
- - oral isotretinoin (2)
- - hormonal therapy such as anti-androgen therapy (liaison with Cochrane Menstrual Disorders Group) (1)
- Alternative/complementary treatments (3)
- Behavioural treatments (0)
- Treatment of acne scars (4)
- - topical retinoids (0)
- - surgical treatments (including dermabrasion) (1)
- - laser therapy (1)
- Cryotherapy (1)
- Intralesional steroids (1)
- Topical treatments (13)
- H4 Rosacea (4)
- - topical metronidazole (1)
- - oral antibiotics (1)
- - oral isotretinoin (1)
- - eradication of Demodex mites (1)
- H6 Hidradenitis suppurativa and other disorders of the apocrine sweat glands (4)
- 1. Medical treatments (3)
- - oral antibiotics (1)
- - oral isotretinoin (1)
- - anti-androgen therapy (liaison with Cochrane Menstrual Disorders Group) (1)
- 2. Surgical treatments (1)
- - cryosurgery (0)
- - excision of apocrine gland-bearing skin (1)
- 1. Medical treatments (3)
- H7 Sweating disorders (0)
- 1. Medical treatments (0)
- - topical aluminium salts and antiperspirants (0)
- - systemic beta-blockade (propranolol) (0)
- - oral anticholinergic therapy (0)
- - iontophoresis (0)
- 2. Surgical treatments (0)
- - excision of sweat glands (including axillary vault excision) (0)
- - sympathectomy (0)
- 1. Medical treatments (0)
- H0 Nail disorders (1)
- J. DISORDERS INVOLVING THE SKIN'S BLOOD & LYMPHATIC VESSELS (0)
- J1 Ectasias of blood vessels in the skin (dilated blood vessels) (0)
- - laser therapy (0)
- - injection of sclerosing agents (0)
- J3 Cutaneous vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels in the skin) (0)
- - systemic corticosteroids (0)
- - dapsone (0)
- - colchicine (0)
- - immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs (cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide) (liaison with Cochrane Musculoskeletal Diseases Group) (0)
- J9 Oedema and lymphoedema (liaison with Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group) (0)
- JB Blushing and flushing reactions (0)
- Medical treatments (0)
- - propranolol (0)
- - antihistamines (0)
- Medical treatments (0)
- JD Raynaud's disease ("white finger") and related disorders (liaison with Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group and Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group) (0)
- J1 Ectasias of blood vessels in the skin (dilated blood vessels) (0)
- K. DISORDERS OF THE DERMIS AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE (0)
- K01 Cutaneous striae (stretch marks) (liaison with Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group) (0)
- K80 Panniculitis (inflammation of subcutaneous fat) (0)
- - oral corticosteroids (0)
- - antituberculous therapy (0)
- M. CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND IMMUNOBULLOUS AND RELATED; (26)
- M0 Lupus erythematosus (liaison with Cochrane Musculoskeletal Diseases Group) (0)
- M0 Lupus erythematosus (7)
- - photoprotection (1)
- - topical and intralesional (injected) corticosteroids (2)
- - antimalarial therapy (1)
- - thalidomide (1)
- - systemic corticosteroids (2)
- M1 Systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma) (liaison with Cochrane Musculoskeletal Diseases Group) (0)
- - systemic corticosteroids (0)
- - penicillamine (0)
- - extracorporeal photochemotherapy (0)
- M2 Morphoea and related conditions (4)
- - topical treatments (1)
- - systemic treatments (1)
- - intralesional treatments (1)
- - intravenous treatments (1)
- M4 Lichen sclerosus & related conditions (4)
- cryotherapy (1)
- light therapies (1)
- topical treatments (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- M5 Dermatomyositis (liaison with Cochrane Musculoskeletal Diseases Group) (0)
- - systemic immunosuppressive agents (0)
- ME Immunobullous (blistering) disorders of the skin e.g bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis) (11)
- - topical corticosteroids (1)
- - systemic corticosteroids (0)
- - immunosuppressive therapy (e.g. azathioprine, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide) (2)
- - dapsone (2)
- - long-acting sulphonamides (0)
- - minocycline (1)
- - plasma exchange (1)
- - gluten-free diet (0)
- - combinations of the above (0)
- - drug treatments (any) (3)
- intralesional corticosteroid (1)
- N. METABOLIC AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AFFECTING THE SKIN (0)
- N4 Porphyrias affecting the skin (0)
- - venesection (0)
- - antimalarials (0)
- N4 Porphyrias affecting the skin (0)
- P. PSYCHOLOGICAL, PSYCHIATRIC AND RELATED DISORDERS OF THE SKIN (7)
- P0 Pruritus and skin itching e.g. "senile pruritus", pregnancy itch, uraemic pruritus, nodular prurigo (7)
- - emollients (1)
- - aspirin (liaison with Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group for itching in pregnancy) (0)
- - phototherapy (1)
- - opiate antagonists (1)
- - use of non-biological washing powder (0)
- - alternative/complementary treatments (1)
- Combination treatments (1)
- Systemic interventions (1)
- Topical interventions (1)
- P1 Self-inflicted skin disease including dermatitis artefacta (0)
- - psychotherapy (0)
- - behaviour therapy (0)
- - antipsychotic agents (0)
- P3 Disorders of cutaneous image and perception including delusional psychosis affecting the skin (0)
- - pimozide (0)
- - psychiatric therapy (0)
- P0 Pruritus and skin itching e.g. "senile pruritus", pregnancy itch, uraemic pruritus, nodular prurigo (7)
- R. SKIN DISEASE RESULTING FROM DRUGS OR TREATMENT --see FA2-FA3 (2)
- S. GENETIC AND CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS AFFECTING THE SKIN (5)
- S4 Ichthyoses (inherited scaling disorders of the skin) (0)
- - emollients (0)
- - urea (0)
- - systemic retinoids (0)
- SA Epidermolysis bullosa (inherited blistering disorders of the skin) (5)
- 1. Medical treatments (3)
- Emerging therapies (1)
- Oral treatments (1)
- Topical treatments (1)
- 2. Surgical treatments (1)
- - correction of deformity (1)
- 3. Nursing interventions (1)
- 1. Medical treatments (3)
- S4 Ichthyoses (inherited scaling disorders of the skin) (0)
- W. BIRTH MARKS AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE SKIN (15)
- Vascular birthmarks e.g infantile haemangiomas (6)
- corticosteroids (1)
- lasers (1)
- - bleomycin (1)
- - imiquimod (1)
- interferon (1)
- surgery (1)
- W6 Vascular malformations e.g. port-wine stains (9)
- - bleomycin (1)
- - imiquimod (1)
- - interferon (1)
- - intralesional steroids (1)
- - laser therapy (2)
- - other forms of light therapy (0)
- - systemic steroids (1)
- - topical steroids (1)
- - vincristine (1)
- Vascular birthmarks e.g infantile haemangiomas (6)
- X. TUMOURS AND CYSTS OF THE SKIN AND APPENDAGES (70)
- X0, X3 Benign tumours of the skin e.g. seborrhoeic warts, benign "moles" (see also B5) (0)
- - cryotherapy (0)
- - surgical removal (0)
- - laser therapy (0)
- X1-X2 Keratinocyte cancers and precancer of the skin e.g. Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma ("rodent ulcer") (50)
- 1. Preventive (7)
- - primary and secondary prevention by education (0)
- - prevention in high risk groups (1)
- - reduction of suspected harmful exposures to ultraviolet radiation (1)
- - topical and systemic retinoids (1)
- - antioxidants (1)
- - dietary modifications (1)
- - complementary therapies (1)
- prevention in the general population (1)
- 2. Medical treatment (12)
- - topical 5-fluorouracil (4)
- - other topicals (5)
- - interferon (2)
- - systemic treatments (1)
- 3. Surgical treatment (18)
- - curettage and electrocautery (4)
- - surgical excision (4)
- - cryosurgery (4)
- - micrographic (Mohs') surgery (3)
- - laser surgery (3)
- 4. Other treatments (8)
- - photodynamic therapy (5)
- - radiotherapy (3)
- Diagnostic tests (5)
- Visual inspection and dermoscopy, alone or in combination, for diagnosing keratinocyte skin cancers in adults
- Exfoliative cytology for diagnosing basal cell carcinoma and other skin cancers in adults
- Tests to assist in the staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a generic protocol
- Optical coherence tomography for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing keratinocyte skin cancers in adults
- 1. Preventive (7)
- X4 Malignant melanoma (20)
- 1.Preventive (2)
- - primary and secondary prevention by education (0)
- - screening of high risk groups (0)
- - reduction of suspected harmful exposures to ultraviolet radiation (0)
- - preventative agents (1)
- -screening of healthy people (1)
- 2. Medical treatment (5)
- - cytotoxic chemotherapy (2)
- - isolated limb perfusion (0)
- - immunotherapy (interferon) (3)
- 3. Surgical treatment (4)
- - margins of surgical excision (3)
- - regional lymph node dissection (0)
- - sentinel node biopsy (1)
- Diagnostic tests (9)
- Smartphone applications for triaging adults with skin lesions that are suspicious for melanoma
- Dermoscopy, with and without visual inspection, for diagnosing melanoma in adults
- High-frequency ultrasound for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Visual inspection for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma in adults
- Ultrasound, CT, MRI, or PET-CT for staging and re-staging of adults with cutaneous melanoma
- Tests to assist in the staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a generic protocol
- Computer-assisted diagnosis techniques (dermoscopy and spectroscopy-based) for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Teledermatology for diagnosing skin cancer in adults
- Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma in adults
- 1.Preventive (2)
- X0, X3 Benign tumours of the skin e.g. seborrhoeic warts, benign "moles" (see also B5) (0)
- Y BENIGN AND MALIGNANT INFILTRATIONS OF THE SKIN (4)
- Y2 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides (4)
- - photochemotherapy (1)
- - topical mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) (0)
- - topical corticosteroids (0)
- - oral retinoids (0)
- - interferon (0)
- - electron beam therapy (1)
- - radiotherapy (1)
- - extracorporeal photochemotherapy (0)
- - cytotoxic chemotherapy (1)
- Y2 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides (4)